O Dia Internacional da Mulher International Women's Day

O Dia Internacional da Mulher, celebrado a 8 de março, tem como origem as manifestações das mulheres russas por "Pão e Paz" - por melhores condições de vida e trabalho e contra a entrada do seu país na Primeira Guerra Mundial. Essas manifestações marcaram o início da Revolução de 1917. Entretanto a idéia de celebrar um dia da mulher já havia surgido desde os primeiros anos do século XX, nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, no contexto das lutas de mulheres por melhores condições de vida e trabalho, bem como pelo direito de voto.

No Ocidente, o Dia Internacional da Mulher foi comemorado no início do século, até a década de 1920.

Na antiga União Soviética, durante o stalinismo, o Dia Internacional da Mulher tornou-se elemento de propaganda partidária.

Nos países ocidentais, a data foi esquecida por longo tempo e somente recuperada pelo movimento feminista, já na década de 1960. Na atualidade, a celebração do Dia Internacional da Mulher perdeu parcialmente o seu sentido original, adquirindo um caráter festivo e comercial. Nessa data, os empregadores, sem certamente pretender evocar o espírito das operárias grevistas dos 8 de março de 1917, costumam distribuir rosas vermelhas ou pequenos mimos entre suas empregadas.

1975 foi designado pela ONU como o Ano Internacional da Mulher e, em Dezembro de 1977, o Dia Internacional da Mulher foi adotado pelas Nações Unidas, para lembrar as conquistas sociais, políticas e econômicas das mulheres, mas também a discriminação e a violência a que muitas delas ainda são submetidas em todo o mundo

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International Women's Day (IWD), originally called International Working Women’s Day is marked on the 8th of March every year.It is a major day of global celebration of women. In different regions the focus of the celebrations ranges from general celebration of respect, appreciation and love towards women to a celebration for women's economic, political and social achievements.

Started as a Socialist political event, the holiday blended in the culture of many countries, primarily Eastern Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet bloc. In many regions, the day lost its political flavour, and became simply an occasion for men to express their love for women in a way somewhat similar to a mixture of Mother's Day and St Valentine's Day. In other regions, however, the original political and human rights theme designated by the United Nations runs strong, and political and social awareness of the struggles of women worldwide are brought out and examined in a hopeful manner.

Female members of the Australian Builders Labourers Federation march on International Women's Day 1975 in Sydney

The mimosa (technically, the Silver Wattle) is the symbol of the celebrations of Women's day in Italy and Russia

The first IWD was observed on 19 March 1911 in Germany following a declaration by the Socialist Party of America. The idea of having an international women's day was first put forward at the turn of the 20th century amid rapid world industrialization and economic expansion that led to protests over working conditions

In 1910, Second International held the first international women's conference in Copenhagen (in the labour-movement building located at Jagtvej 69, which until recently housed Ungdomshuset). An 'International Women's Day' was established. It was suggested by the important German Socialist Clara Zetkin, although no date was specified.^[2] The following year, 1911, IWD was marked by over a million people in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, on March 19.^[3] In the West, International Women's Day was first observed as a popular event after 1977 when the united Nations General Assembly invited member states to proclaim March 8 as the UN Day for Women's Rights and International Peace.

Demonstrations marking International Women's Day in Russia proved to be the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Following the October Revolution, the Bolshevik Alexandra Kollontai persuaded Lenin to make it an official holiday in the Soviet Union, and it was established, but was a working day until 1965. On May 8, 1965 by the decree of the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet International Women's Day was declared a non working day in the USSR "in commemoration of the outstanding merits of Soviet women in communistic construction, in the defense of their Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War, in their heroism and selflessness at the front and in the rear, and also marking the great contribution of women to strengthening friendship between peoples, and the struggle for peace. But still, women's day must be celebrated as are other holidays."